Animal Science Faculty

Matthew C. Lucy

---

Professor

Molecular Endocrinology


S103 Animal Science Research Center
Division Of Animal Sciences
Columbia, MO 65211

• Phone: (573) 882-9897
• Email
• Curriculum Vitae

Education

---

Academic and Special Appointments Appointments

---

• Graduate Faculty, 1993-Present
• Doctoral Faculty, 1995-Present
• F21C Animal Reproductive Biology Cluster Leader, 2005 to present.

Previous Employment

---

• July 2003 to June 2004, Visiting Scientist at Dexcel Dairy Research, Hamilton, New Zealand (academic research sabbatical).
• September 2000 to September 2003, Associate Professor of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia
• December 1993 to September 2000, Assistant Professor of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia
• December 1990 to December 1993, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Animal Sciences Division, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO.
• August 1987 to December 1990, Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Dairy Science, University of Florida, Gainesville.
• November 1986 to July 1987, Staff Scientist, Ciba‑Geigy Advanced Biotechnology Research Unit, Research Triangle Park, NC.
• August 1985 to August 1986, Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh.
• August 1983 to August 1985, Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Animal Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan.
• September 1978 to December 1981, Laboratory Assistant, Department of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

Professional Societies

---

• American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1996 - present
• American Dairy Science Association, 1990 - present
• American Society of Animal Science, 1985 - present
• Endocrine Society, 1998 - present
• Society for the Study of Reproduction, 1990 - present

Honors and Awards

---

Gamma Sigma Delta
1990 ADSA National Milk Producers Federation Hoyt Award
1999 College of Agriculture Distinguished Researcher Award for Junior Faculty
2000 Midwestern Section ASAS Outstanding Young Researcher Award
2000 Gamma Sigma Delta Junior Faculty Research Award
2000 ADSA Foundation Scholar Award
2003 ADSA Pfizer Animal Health Physiology Award

Editorial Boards

---

Domestic Animal Endocrinology; 1995 - 1998
Biology of Reproduction; 1995 - 1999
Journal of Animal Science; 1999 - 2002
Journal of Dairy Science; 1997 – 2002
Physiology Section Editor, Journal of Dairy Science; 2006 to present.

Teaching

---

I take great personal satisfaction from my work as an educator at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Individuals involved in education (both professors and students) have an obligation to respect the process of education and promote excellence at all levels. My responsibility as an educator is to perform at a high level both inside (formal lecture setting) and outside (one-on-one time with students) the classroom. I expect my students to perform at a high level as well. Rigorous academic training is no longer optional. It is a necessity for students that want to tackle the intellectual challenges of the 21st century. The animal science profession (including agribusiness people, researchers, and educators) needs motivated and knowledgeable people. My job is to motivate and train those people.

I am primarily involved in graduate education. Most of my students become involved in science or education. For graduate students, I believe that their educational experience must include research (scholarship) as well as formal coursework in a classroom setting. Formal coursework is important because it is the last opportunity for graduate students to learn new information in a structured environment. Once students begin their professional careers, there is little time to go back and learn the basics. Graduate students should not waste their last opportunity for formal training by taking the minimum number of classes or neglecting the classes that they take.

As educators, we have an obligation to present the most up-to-date information and present it in a format that is stimulating to our students. I give traditional lectures in Animal Science (AS) 8420 (Endocrinology). I find that this format is the fastest way to convey the tremendous amount of new information in endocrinology. I also think that students like lectures as long as they are stimulating and interesting. I keep things interesting by interjecting new discoveries reported in Science magazine as well as the popular press. Students pick-up on this and bring in articles that they find interesting. When a student brings in an article, I photocopy it and present it to the class. The emphasis on current literature helps students feel that they are learning up-to-date and relevant information.

I give challenging exams in Endocrinology because I believe that the best courses are those that demand excellence from students. Not unexpectedly, I find that students are eager to rise to the challenge of a difficult exam. I praise the class when they do well and I chastise the class when they do poorly. It is all part of the process of showing them that I care about them, I am committed to the subject, and I want them to learn the material.

One innovative way that I involve students in AS 8420 is through “minipapers.” Minipapers are one-page summaries of research papers. Four times during the semester, I select a topic and ask students to find a recent research article. Students are encouraged to find “interesting” papers (something a little different or unusual usually gets the best grade). I grade the papers and then we devote one day for informal presentations of selected papers. It is a lot of fun because students get a chance to informally talk about endocrinology. One topic that I really like is “endocrine changes in our daily lives.” I ask the students to find a paper on hormones whose concentrations change when we do things. The most interesting papers with the most interesting activities get the highest grades. We’ve discussed hormonal changes during marathon running, mountain climbing, sky diving, sleeping, movie watching (horror, erotic, action), eating, etc. (you name it, we’ve talked about it!). We have a lot of laughs about how our endocrine systems respond to lots of different things. The focus is on having fun and reinforcing the idea that what we are learning is relevant to our everyday lives.

I cannot understate the importance of enthusiasm when teaching. This is an aspect of my personality that students consistently comment upon. I try to convey excitement and amazement for the material that I present. Students pick up on my actions and are motivated to truly listen to my words. My greatest satisfaction comes when a student stops by after class and asks for more information. That tells me that I have sparked a desire to learn outside of the classroom.

You may notice some references to football in the comments below. Why do I talk about football in endocrinology? First, it humanizes me as a lecturer. I relate to the students on a neutral subject about which they probably know as much as I do. It also helps the class to get to know each other. Most graduate students did their undergraduate work away from MU. I keep track of the football scores from their respective undergraduate institutions. On Monday morning, I compliment the winners and also tease the losers, especially when they played MU. We also have two informal contests every year. The first contest is to predict the score of the MU-Nebraska football game. This started out as a joke (mid 90’s) but has become a greater challenge lately because the MU teams are better. The winner gets an MU t-shirt (I won this past year, a first!). The contest relates back to the idea of getting to know each other and having some fun. I also award a frozen turkey to the best minipaper of the year. It has become quite a contest with students vying to find the most interesting paper.
This past year I incorporated some long-overdue technology into my endocrinology lectures. Chalk and blackboards always frustrated me because you erase (and essentially lose) everything you write down. I am also allergic to chalk dust (something I inherited from my dad). Pre-made PowerPoint presentations are too structured for the interactive environment that we have in class. The Animal Science Department recently outfitted several lecture rooms with computers, write-on computer screens, and computer projectors. I use the write-on computer screen and projector instead of a blackboard (Smart Notebook software). The Smart Notebook is great because a series of individual “blackboards” are created. I can go back and forth between boards during lecture. At the end of lecture I save all of the blackboards as a single PDF file. I print out the PDF (a record of the lecture) and post the PDF on MU libraries ERES (electronic reserve). Students who missed class or missed a point made in class can access the notes in ERES. Several students commented on how much they liked this new technology. I liked it as well because it was simple, easy to use, and fit into my existing lecture format. The computer projector also allows me to use the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) structure data base to show three dimensional models of hormones and their receptors. The use of the web in class exposes students to scientific resources and demonstrates the power of the web as a teaching, research and discovery tool.
I’ve commented on classroom teaching but I have not touched upon graduate training (M.S. and Ph.D. students working in my laboratory). Some might argue that graduate training and classroom teaching are two different things but I apply the same elements to both forms of teaching. The mentor of a graduate student must demand excellence and challenge the student, care about the student as a person, instill enthusiasm and love for science, and have fun in the process. I think that I create these things for the graduate students in my laboratory.

I teach Endocrinology in the fall and Reproductive Biology Seminar (AS 8413) in the winter. Animal Science 8413 is a seminar course that students in reproductive biology can take to fulfill a seminar requirement. Students practice public speaking by presenting a seminar based on a recent scientific paper. I work with students by listening and critiquing their seminar before it is given to the rest of the students and faculty. After the formal seminar is presented, I prepare a memo that includes an evaluation of the presentation.

One goal for my teaching was to use the internet to improve my classes. Therefore, I attended the ET@MO Faculty Institute in January 2002. Using what I learned, I introduced a new “online” (WebCT) version of AS 8413 in winter 2002. The WebCT site for the course has the syllabus, general information for students, an online discussion, seminar calendar, class email, study questions, and a link to ERES. Students post their PowerPoint presentations and their papers (PDF files) on ERES. Students taking the class are asked to look at the PowerPoint presentations and comment on them in the online discussion. They also must read the paper and answer an online study question. Grading and feedback are all done online.

The WebCT course actually creates some additional work for me, but I use the online format anyway. Many of the students will go on to pursue teaching careers. I want to expose them to the online technology that is available for teaching. I also want to show them that as a teacher you can adapt and evolve with new technology. I will not use WebCT in 2005 because I have temporarily moved away from an emphasis on the current literature. The 2005 topic is “100 years of Reproductive Biology at MU.” Students have been assigned one of eight famous reproductive biologists who were either MU faculty or trained at MU. The list of faculty begins with Frederick Mumford; the first dean of the College of Agriculture. Students will study the life of each person and present a biography at our regular weekly seminar.

I’ve tried to convey my teaching philosophy. It boils down to a commitment to excellence, a sincere belief in higher education, a love for students and learning, a little bit of enthusiasm and a dose of fun. I think that these principles go a long way toward a meaningful college education.

Resident Instruction

Animal Science 8420 (Graduate Endocrinology, three credit hours)

Animal Science 8413 (Graduate Seminar in Reproductive Biology, one credit hour)

Animal Science 9001 (Advanced Reproduction, three credit hours)

Extension

---

Summary of Activities
There is no extension appointment associated with my position. Nevertheless, the applied aspects of my laboratory’s work are of interest to farmers and veterinarians. Members of my laboratory and myself are experts in the field of ovarian and uterine (pregnancy diagnosis) ultrasonography in cattle and swine. A second important area of applied research is our work with the controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR) device for estrous synchronization in cattle. I offer expert advice on the CIDR to farmers, veterinarians, and extension agents. My laboratory also presents general information on livestock reproduction to a wide range of audiences.

Workshops Organized

1. Ovarian Ultrasonography Workshop (Swine), March 30, 1999, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO. 12 swine industry professionals.

Extension demonstrations and/or presentations

• Dairy Farm Open House, September 30, 1994, UMC Dairy Farm, Midway, MO.
• Cattle Breeding Team from Poland, October 19, 1994, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• Extension ISE #70, April 19, 1995, Holiday Inn, Columbia MO.
• CAFNR Tour, April 19, 1995, South Farm, Columbia, MO.
• What's New at Mizzou? February 14, 1996, Salem, MO.
• Ultrasound demonstration (Tyson Foods), November 26, 1996, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• A LOT Class VII, February 28, 1997, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• Swine AI School, March 11, 1997, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• SBS Rural IAMA (Australian group), August 21, 1997, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• Swine Reproduction Symposium, October 20, 1997, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• Swine AI School, March 3, 1998, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• South Farm Field Day, June 24, 1998, South Farm, Columbia, MO.
• Swine AI School, March 22, 1999, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• Swine AI School, March 28, 2000, Animal Science Research Center, Columbia MO.
• Five presentations to Australian dairy farmers on United States dairying, Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria, May 1-12, 2000.
• South Farm Field Day, June 28, 2000, South Farm, Columbia, MO.
• Mini Cow College at MU, September 12, 2001, Foremost Dairy, Midway, MO.
• Missouri State Holstein Association Spring Show, March 21, 2002, Columbia, MO.
• Mini Cow College at MU, April 4, 2002, Foremost Dairy, Midway, MO.
• Midwest Bovine Symposium, June 12, 2002, LaBelle, MO.
• Rockbridge Beef Meeting, November 7, 2002, Rockbridge, MO.
• Dairy Day (University of Missouri Cooperative Extension), November 27, 2002, Concordia, MO.
• Dexcel Field Day, September 18, 2003, Hamilton, New Zealand.
• Taranaki Research Group, November 3, 2003, Taranaki Farm, New Zealand.
• Dexcel Field Day, March 18, 2004, Hamilton, New Zealand.
• Morrinsville Animal Health Research Seminar, June 9, 2004, Morrinsville, New Zealand.
• Monsanto Cow College at MU, October 6, 2004, Foremost Dairy, Midway, MO.
• Tri-County Field Day, March 4, 2005, Colecamp, MO.
• CAFNR Study Abroad Brown Bag, April 7, 2005.
• Monsanto Cow College at MU, April 26, 2005, Foremost Dairy, Midway, MO.
• 2006 Missouri Dairy Profit Seminars, one talk per day, February 14-17, 2006.
• Monsanto Cow College at MU, April 26, 2006, Foremost Dairy, Midway, MO.
• Dairy Extension Talk (Roy Hibbard), May 23, 2006, Fruitville, MO.
• Monsanto Cow College at MU, October 17, 2006, Foremost Dairy, Midway, MO.

Research

---

Statement of the Problem

I study the reproductive biology of farm animals. Reproduction is important to farmers because the rate at which a farmer can produce youngstock (calves, piglets, lambs, etc.) determines the overall profitability of a farm. Pregnant animals, therefore, are very valuable whereas infertile animals have very little value. In dairy cattle, the value is not in the calf but in the milk that the mother produces after she has a calf. To make milk, however, the dairy cow must give birth to a calf. The value of pregnancy can be illustrated by comparing the value of a pregnant animal with that of a nonpregnant animal. A pregnant dairy cow is worth approximately $1400 because she will eventually calve and produce milk. A nonpregnant, infertile dairy cow is worth about $300 and can only be sold for meat. Therefore, $1100 is lost because the cow is not pregnant. As illustrated by the preceding example, a pregnancy is very valuable to a farmer. Therefore, my research focuses on how to maximize the number of pregnant animals in a herd.

There are several physiological constraints to the establishment of pregnancy. First, the female may not have regular reproductive cycles. This type of failure is called anestrus and is common among farm animals during the postpartum period. Essentially, the reproductive system is not functioning.
A second, perhaps more frustrating type of reproductive failure occurs after the female has successfully mated. The oocyte (female gamete) may be released but may not be fertilized. If the oocyte is fertilized then the embryo may die prematurely inside the uterus. This phenomenon is known as “early embryonic death.” Early embryonic death is a major cause of pregnancy loss in farm animals. The underlying mechanisms for this loss are poorly understood. A combination of genetic and environmental factors may be involved.

A single scientist cannot study all aspects of reproduction in farm animals. I study follicular development; the process by which the follicle grows prior to ovulation. Follicular development is one component of anestrus because follicles fail to grow normally and ovulate in anestrus animals. Follicular development is also one component of early embryonic death. Although the follicle may appear normal, it can release an oocyte that is incapable of fertilization or incapable of normal development after fertilization.

Causes of Anestrus and Infertility

The primary cause of anestrus in postpartum farm animals is inadequate nutrition. In beef cattle, inadequate nutrition occurs during the winter when pasture conditions are very poor and animals cannot forage for adequate food. Farmers can supplement the diet of a wintering cow but their efforts often fall short of the nutrient requirements. In springtime, the cow calves but she may be too thin because of weight loss during the winter. Pastures improve in the springtime but the additional energy demands of lactation may prevent the cow from gaining weight while consuming the springtime grasses. The end result is a nutritionally anestrus cow that cannot become pregnant during the springtime breeding season (about 60 to 90 days after calving). If she fails to become pregnant, she must be sold as a cull cow after her calf is weaned.

Postpartum dairy cows and pigs are fed ad libitum amounts of high-energy diets during lactation. Nevertheless they also suffer from anestrus. The reason is that the amount of energy that the animal can partition to milk exceeds the amount of energy that she can consume. When faced with the energy deficit, the postpartum dairy cow and pig use body fat to support the lactation. Like the postpartum beef cow, the weight loss caused by fat mobilization in dairy cattle and pigs leads to anestrus and infertility. The cost of any delay in pregnancy can be very high ($2 to 4 in lost income per day). Pigs must be in estrus within seven to ten days after their young are weaned. Otherwise the postpartum pig will become asynchronous with her farrowing group and may be culled for reproductive failure.

Mechanisms Linking Nutrition to Reproduction

How does undernutrition affect reproduction in farm animals? Anestrus occurs when the follicle fails to ovulate. To ovulate, follicles depend on hormones and growth factors that are produced locally (i.e., within the follicles) as well as externally (i.e., outside the follicle from other tissues). One class of hormones [the gonadotropins: luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)] arises from the pituitary and stimulates follicular growth. Of the two gonadotropins, LH is the most notably affected by nutrition. In normal animals, LH is secreted in pulses that hormonally stimulate follicular growth. Undernutrition blocks LH pulses and therefore blocks follicular growth. The mechanism through which undernutrition blocks LH pulses is complex and poorly understood because LH is ultimately under the control of higher brain centers that are difficult to explore scientifically.

In addition to LH, the ovary also depends on the hormonal actions of several growth factors. These growth factors include growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II). Insulin-like growth factors-I and –II are related hormones but IGF-I has greater potency and may be more important than IGF-II for a variety of functions in adult animals. Insulin-like growth factor-II, however, is an important fetal hormone. The IGFs induce the expression of receptors for LH and FSH. Therefore, without a minimum level of IGF, the ovarian cells cannot respond properly to LH or FSH because they fail to express gonadotropin receptors. The IGFs that act on the ovary come from two sources. There is local production of IGFs by ovarian cells (autocrine/paracrine IGF) as well as external production of IGF by the liver.

Areas of Research

We study both GH and IGF-I. Growth hormone is a pituitary hormone that promotes growth. Receptors for growth hormone are located throughout the body. The largest concentration of GH receptors, however, is found within the liver. Growth hormone acts on the liver and causes the synthesis and secretion of IGF-I. The IGF-I secreted from the liver acts as an endocrine hormone by stimulating a variety of cells throughout the body (including ovarian cells). One of the endocrine consequences of inadequate nutrition is a decrease in blood concentrations of IGF-I. The decrease in blood IGF-I is caused by a decrease in liver IGF-I synthesis and secretion. Liver IGF-I synthesis is decreased because the liver does not respond to GH in animals that are undernourished. Our hypothesis is that the decrease in blood IGF-I in undernourished animals causes a reduction in gonadotropin signaling within the ovary. The loss of gonadotropin signaling drives the animal into anestrus.

Growth hormone, IGF-I, and ovarian function. We examine aspects of this hypothesis in molecular (basic) as well as whole animal (applied) studies. The work on GH began during my Ph.D. when we demonstrated that dairy cows injected with exogenous GH have an increased amount of follicular growth on the ovary [17, 18 (the numbers correspond to journal articles listed in this dossier)]. Our early work showing greater follicular growth in GH-treated cows was also confirmed in later studies in my laboratory at the University of Missouri (37, 38). Exogenous GH increases blood concentrations of GH and IGF-I. The fact that cows treated with exogenous GH had greater follicular growth suggested that the ovarian follicles respond positively to increased concentrations of GH and (or) IGF-I. A critical question that needed to be addressed, however, was whether or not GH could act on the ovary directly. The alternative possibility was that the actions of GH were solely mediated by an increase in liver IGF-I secretion that was caused by the exogenous GH (i.e., an endocrine mechanism for GH action). I examined this possibility during my postdoctoral work at Monsanto. Bovine ovaries were tested for GH receptor expression (19). We found that the corpus luteum (CL; structure that forms after ovulation of the follicle) was a rich source of GH receptor mRNA and protein. Follicles, however, had very little GH receptor. From this work, we hypothesized that the CL may respond to GH (because CL contains the GH receptor) but follicles were probably responding to the increase in blood IGF-I that occurred during GH treatment. We later found that exogenous GH (22) and placental lactogen (23; placental lactogen is GH-like molecule produced by the placenta) could affect the growth of the CL. These early studies formed the basis for my first USDA grant entitled “Effects of growth hormone on functions of the corpus luteum in cattle.” Several publications arose from this grant including one that showed greater progesterone synthesis in luteal cells treated with GH (28).

Ovarian gene expression for GH and IGF genes. When we began our work, little was known about the local architecture of GH receptor, IGF-I or IGF-II gene expression within the bovine or porcine ovary. We addressed this question in a series of studies that employed in situ hybridization. In situ hybridization is a powerful technique because it allows you to examine mRNA expression within histological sections. We did studies in both cattle and pigs to determine where the GH receptor and IGF genes were expressed (32, 33, 40, 57). Our sow work was funded by a USDA grant entitled “Follicular growth in sows.” We confirmed that there is very little GH receptor within the follicle but abundant GH receptor within the CL. The research also showed that IGF-I mRNA was located within the granulosa cells of the follicle whereas IGF-II mRNA was located in the theca cells (cell layer immediately outside the granulosa cell layer). Our data on IGF-I gene expression were unique because other groups failed to detect IGF-I in ovarian granulosa cells. We also examined IGF binding proteins and showed that growing follicles made less IGF binding protein than non-growing follicles (40, 57). Binding proteins block the actions of IGF-I. The data suggested, therefore, that low IGF binding protein may be one mechanism to increase IGF action within the growing follicle. We are expanding our search for genes involved in follicular growth by sequencing EST from porcine ovary (Monsanto Pig Genome Project). We have created cDNA libraries from fetal ovary, neonatal ovary, prepubertal ovary, and follicle (2 mm to 8 mm) and sequenced approximately 12,000 cDNA (67; see also abstract no. 91). The cDNA are organized into a database and are being used to create porcine ovary microarrays. These arrays will be a unique resource available to investigators inside and outside the University of Missouri.

Nutritional regulation of reproduction in sows. In addition to our work on gene expression in pig ovary, we also perform whole animal research in sow reproduction. Our whole animal research is funded by our current USDA grant entitled “Interval to ovulation in weaned sows.” We discovered that ovarian follicular development before weaning is heterogeneous and that multiple patterns of development are seen when individual sows are compared. Based on our most recent data, we have developed a conceptual model for follicular growth and estrus in weaned sows. The model includes endocrine mechanisms (i.e., individual differences in insulin, IGF-I, LH, and FSH), behavior mechanisms (relationship between follicular growth and the initiation of estrus) and morphological mechanisms (i.e., timing of weaning relative to ovarian follicular development). We summarized the model in a presentation to the Sixth International Symposium on Pig Reproduction in Columbia, Missouri (see Book Chapter no. 8).

Molecular biology of the GH receptor. When we first discovered GH receptor in the ovary, we wanted to know whether or not the receptor was different from the traditional form of the GH receptor found in the liver. We isolated cDNA clones for GH receptor and found that the GH receptor in ovary was different from that found in the liver (31). The difference, however, was not within the portion of the cDNA that encoded protein. Instead, the difference in the cDNA was within exon 1 (the region associated with GH receptor promoter). These data led us to the conclusion that the GH receptor gene is under the control of several gene promoters. The transcript that we discovered in the bovine ovary (GH receptor 1B) arose from the second of three GH receptor promoters (P2; 31). We later showed that P2 was active in most bovine tissues (41). The liver expresses both the P1 and P2 promoters (41). Our work in the bovine agrees with work in other species showing at least two GH receptor promoters. We also showed that a third promoter (P3) is active in the bovine (47). The P3 promoter is similar to P2 in tissue distribution and activity. Our publication on P3 was the first report in any species showing a third GH receptor promoter.

We knew that the liver could respond to GH by increasing IGF-I synthesis and secretion. We also knew that the reproductive tract could produce IGF-I (i.e., local IGF-I synthesis). Thus, we wondered whether or not the IGF-I within the reproductive tract was under GH control. To address this question, we treated cows and pigs with GH and examined the expression of IGF-I within the reproductive tract (25, 34, 45). Surprisingly we found that IGF-I mRNA expression within the ovary and uterus was independent of GH. In other words, unlike the liver, where GH can control IGF-I synthesis, the IGF-I in reproductive tissues was expressed constitutively. We examined the question in another way by testing ovarian IGF-I gene expression in heifers that were deficient in GH (30). The GH deficiency was induced by immunization against GH releasing factor and causes low blood IGF-I concentrations. We found that ovarian IGF-I gene expression was unaffected by the GH deficiency. Therefore, GH was not controlling ovarian IGF-I. Growth hormone deficient heifers (with low blood IGF-I), however, had less follicular growth. Thus, normal blood IGF-I concentrations were necessary for normal follicular growth. We made similar findings when we examined follicular growth in a line of cattle with a GH receptor deficiency that led to high blood GH but low blood IGF-I concentrations (39, 52).

The liver produces about 80% of the IGF-I circulating in blood. The synthesis and secretion of liver IGF-I depends on the amount and activity of the GH receptor in the liver. Furthermore, the GH receptor in liver is under nutritional control. It was important, therefore, to explore the molecular control of the GH receptor gene. Much of this work from our laboratory was funded through our third USDA grant “Structure and function of the growth hormone receptor gene in cattle.” As mentioned above, the GH receptor is under the control of at least three promoters (P1, P2, and P3). We were the first laboratory to clone P1 from cattle (26) and show that a genetic polymorphism was present within P1 (44). The polymorphism that we discovered can be used to predict animal growth (58). We have also completed an initial characterization of P1 and P2 in the pig (53). In cattle, the P2 and P3 are similar because both are constitutive promoters that are active in a wide variety of cell types. Within the genome, P2 and P3 are within 800 bp of each other and share a common enhancer element containing a GC and CAAT box (47, 54). We characterized the enhancer by DNAse footprinting, gel shift, and cell transfection analyses. The enhancer is required for normal promoter activity because promoter activity is lost when the enhancer is mutated or deleted. Transcription factors that bind the enhancer have a ubiquitous expression pattern and this explains why we detect P2 and P3 transcripts within almost every bovine tissue (41, 47). In vitro analyses of P1 demonstrated that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) is one of the transcription factors controlling P1 activity (65). Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 is highly enriched in liver and is a logical candidate for a transcription factor controlling liver-specific expression of P1. Our lab was the first to demonstrate the importance of HNF-4 in liver-specific GH receptor expression.

Perhaps the most important GH receptor promoter is P1. The P1 is the liver-specific promoter for GH receptor. The P1 is important because it contributes to the total amount of GH receptor in liver. Furthermore, the efficiency of translation for P1 mRNA may be greater than the efficiency of translation for P2 mRNA (59). P1 is not a constitutive promoter like P2 and P3. Therefore, the activity of P1 changes with the physiology of the animal. For example, P1 activity increases after birth (70), increases in response to GH (51) and insulin (78) and increases in late-pregnant cows (51). We recently discovered that P1 activity is specifically down regulated in periparturient cows that have low blood IGF-I concentrations (50). The next step in our investigations is to specifically demonstrate that P1 activity controls the amount of GH receptor protein and GH receptor second messenger activity in liver. We also want to determine the physiological mechanisms that lead to the rapid decrease in P1 activity in periparturient cattle (50). These most recent studies are funded by our current USDA grant entitled “Growth hormone receptor 1A in periparturient dairy cattle.”

Conclusions

In the preceding paragraphs, I have attempted to present the current status of my research program and place it into the context of animal agriculture. Our studies focus on GH and IGF-I. Changes in blood IGF-I affect the ovary because IGF-I syngerizes with gonadotropins to stimulate ovarian function. Ovarian IGF-I is a summation of local (paracrine/autocrine) and liver (endocrine) components. Therefore, developmental and nutritional changes in liver GH receptor and IGF-I affect ovarian function through changes in the blood concentrations of IGF-I. We want to understand GH receptor and IGF-I gene expression. If both genes can be understood, and ultimately controlled, we may be able to increase the number of pregnant animals in a herd by managing GH receptor and IGF-I gene expression.

Publications

---

Peer-Reviewed Journal Manuscripts - published

• Lucy, M.C., Stevenson, J.S., and E.P. Call. 1986. Controlling first service and calving interval by prostaglandin F2a, gonadotropin‑releasing hormone and timed insemination. J. Dairy Sci. 69:2186‑2194. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., and J.S. Stevenson. 1986. Gonadotropin releasing hormone at estrus: luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone during the periestrual and postinsemination periods in dairy cattle. Biol. Reprod. 35:300‑311. (60%)
• Petters, R.M., and M.C. Lucy, 1987. Rhodamine 123 as a vital stain for mammalian zygotes. Theriogenology 28:639‑646. (50%)
• Stevenson, J.S., Lucy, M.C., and E.P. Call. 1987. Failure of timed inseminations and associated luteal function in dairy cattle after two injections of prostaglandin F2-alpha. Theriogenology 28:937‑946. (50%)
• Lucy, M.C., and R.M. Petters. 1987. Production of chimeric mice by reciprocal exchange of split embryo halves. Theriogenology 28:899‑906. (50%)
• Petters, R.M., Eisen, E.J., Pomp, D., and M.C. Lucy. 1988. Cytoplasmic effects on selection response for increased growth rate in mice. J. Anim. Sci. 66:287‑292. (25%)
• Lucy, M.C., Matthews, P.S., and H.D. VanEtten. 1988. Metabolic detoxification of the phytoalexins maakiain and medicarpin by Nectria Haematococca field isolates: relationship to virulence on chickpea. Phys. Mol. Plant Path. 33:187‑199. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Thatcher, W.W., and K.L. Macmillan. 1990. Ultrasonic identification of follicular populations and return to estrus in early postpartum dairy cattle given intravaginal progesterone for 15 days. Theriogenology 34:325-340. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Macmillan, K.L., Thatcher, W.W., and M. Drost. 1990. Effect of timing of prostaglandin F2a injection subsequent to embryo collection on resumption of normal follicular development following superovulatory treatment in cattle. Theriogenology 34:7-19. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Staples, C.R., Michel, F.M., and W.W. Thatcher. 1991. Effect of feeding calcium soaps to early postpartum dairy cows on plasma prostaglandin F2a, luteinizing hormone, and follicular growth. J. Dairy Sci. 74:483-489. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Staples, C.R., Michel, F.M., and W.W. Thatcher. 1991. Energy balance and size and number of ovarian follicles detected by ultrasonography in early postpartum dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 74:473-482. (60%)
• Savio, J.D., Bongers, H., Drost, M., Lucy, M.C., and W.W. Thatcher. 1991. Follicular dynamics and superovulatory response in Holstein cows treated with FSH-P in different endocrine states. Theriogenology 35:915-929. (10%)
• Van Cleeff, J., Lucy, M.C., Wilcox, C.J., and W.W. Thatcher. 1992. Plasma and milk progesterone and plasma LH in ovariectomized lactating cows treated with new or used controlled internal drug release devices. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 27:91-106. (10%)
• Lucy, M.C., Staples, C.R., Thatcher, W.W., Erickson, P.S., Cleale, R.M., Firkins, J.L., Murphy, M.R., Clark, J.H., and B.O. Brodie. 1992. Influence of diet composition, dry matter intake, milk production, and energy balance on time of postpartum ovulation and fertility in dairy cows. Anim. Prod. 54:323-331. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Beck, J., Staples, C.R., Head, H.H., De La Sota, R.L., and W.W. Thatcher. 1992. Follicular dynamics, plasma metabolites, hormones and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in lactating cows with positive or negative energy balance during the preovulatory period. Reprod. Nutr. Devel. 32:331-341. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Savio, J.D., Badinga, L., De La Sota, R.L., and W.W. Thatcher. 1992. Factors that affect follicular dynamics in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3615-3626. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., De La Sota, R.L., Staples, C.R., and W.W. Thatcher. 1993. Ovarian follicular populations in lactating dairy cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (Sometribove) or saline and fed diets differing in fat content and energy. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1014-1027. (60%)
• De La Sota, R.L., Lucy, M.C., Staples, C.R., and W.W. Thatcher. 1993. Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (sometribove) on ovarian function in lactating and nonlactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76:1002-1013. (40%)
• Lucy, M.C., Collier, R.J., Kitchell, M.L., Dibner, J.J., Hauser, S.D., and G.G. Krivi. 1993. Immunohistochemical and nucleic acid analysis of somatotropin receptor populations in the bovine ovary. Biol. Reprod. 48:1219-1227. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Hauser, S.D., Eppard, P.J., Krivi, G.G., Clark, J.H., Bauman, D.E., and R.J. Collier. 1993. Variants of somatotropin in cattle: gene frequencies in major dairy breeds and associated milk production. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 10:325-333. (60%)
• Wolfenson, D., Bartol, F.F., Badinga, L., Barros, C.M., Marple, D.N., Cummins, K., Wolfe, D., Lucy, M.C., Spencer, T.E., and W.W. Thatcher. 1993. Secretion of PGF2a and oxytocin during hyperthermia in cyclic and pregnant heifers. Theriogenology 39:1129-1141. (10%)
• Lucy, M.C., Curran, T.L., Collier, R.J. and W.J. Cole. 1994. Extended function of the corpus luteum and earlier development of the second follicular wave in heifers treated with bovine somatotropin Theriogenology 41:561-572. (60%)
• Lucy, M.C., Byatt, J.C., Curran, T.L., Curran, D.F., and R.J. Collier. 1994. Placental lactogen and somatotropin: hormone binding to the corpus luteum and effects on the growth and functions of the ovary in heifers. Biol. Reprod. 50:1136-1144. (60%)
• Wolfenson, D., Thatcher, W.W., Savio, J.D., Badinga, L. and M.C. Lucy. 1994. The effect of a GnRH analogue on the dynamics of follicular development and synchronization of estrus in lactating cyclic dairy cows. Theriogenology 42:633-644. (10%)
• Lucy, M.C., Thatcher, W.W., Collier, R.J., Simmen, F.A., Ko, Y., Savio, J.D., and L. Badinga. 1995. Effects of somatotropin on the conceptus, uterus and ovary during maternal recognition of pregnancy in cattle. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 12:73-82. (60%)
• Heap, D., Lucy, M.C., Collier, R.J., Boyd, C.K., and W.C. Warren. 1995. Rapid communication: nucleotide sequence of the promoter and first exon of the somatotropin receptor gene in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 73:1529. (40%)
• Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Lamberson, W.R., Lucy, M.C., Gerrard, D.E., Matteri, R.L., and B.N. Day. 1995. Effects of recombinant porcine somatotropin on placental size, fetal growth and IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73:2980-2985. (10%)
• Yuan, W., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Effects of growth hormone, prolactin, insulin-like growth factors and gonadotropins on progesterone secretion by porcine luteal cells. J. Anim. Sci. 74:866-872. (50%)
• Yuan, W., Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Lamberson, W.R., Day, B.N., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Responses of porcine corpora lutea to somatotropin administration during pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 74:873-878. (40%)
• Cohick, W.S., Armstrong, J.D., Whitacre, M.D., Lucy, M.C., Harvey, R.W., and R.M. Campbell. 1996. Ovarian expression of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF binding proteins, and growth hormone (GH) receptor in heifers actively immunized against GH-releasing factor. Endocrinology 137:1670-1677. (10%)
• Heap, D., Collier, R.J., Boyd, C.K., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Expression of alternate growth hormone receptor messenger RNA in ovary and uterus of cattle. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 13:421-430. (40%)
• Yuan, W., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Messenger ribonucleic acid expression for growth hormone receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, and steroidogenic enzymes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in porcine and bovine corpora lutea. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 13:431-444. (50%)
• Yuan, W., Lucy, M.C., and M.F. Smith. 1996. Messenger ribonucleic acid for insulin-like growth factors-I and -II, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2, gonadotropin receptors, and steroidogenic enzymes in porcine follicles. Biol. Reprod. 55:1045-1054. (40%)
• Kirby, C.J., Thatcher, W.W., Collier, R.J., Simmen, F.A., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Effects of growth hormone and pregnancy on expression of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 and -3 genes in bovine uterus, ovary, and oviduct. Biol. Reprod. 55:996-1002. (40%)
• Van Cleeff J., Macmillan K.L., Drost M., Lucy M.C., and W.W. Thatcher. 1996. Effects of administrating progesterone at selected intervals after insemination of synchronized heifers on pregnancy rates and resynchronization of returns to service. Theriogenology 46:1117-1130. (10%)
• Keisler D.H., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Perception and interpretation of the effects of undernutrition on reproduction. J. Anim. Sci. 74(suppl 3):1-17. (10%)
• Kirby C.J., Smith M.F., Keisler D.H., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Follicular function in lactating dairy cows treated with sustained-release bovine somatotropin. J. Dairy Sci. 80:273-285. (40%)
• Kirby C.J., Wilson S.J., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Response of dairy cows treated with bovine somatotropin to a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin F2a. J. Dairy Sci. 80:286-294. (40%)
• Chase Jr., C.C., Kirby, C.J., Hammond, A.C., Olson, T.A., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. Patterns of ovarian growth and development in cattle with a growth hormone receptor deficiency. J. Anim. Sci. 76:212-219. (40%)
• Yuan, W., Bao, B., Garverick, H.A., Youngquist, R.S., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. Follicular dominance in cattle is associated with divergent patterns of ovarian gene expression for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, and IGF binding protein-2 in dominant and subordinate follicles. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 15:55-63. (40%)
• Lucy, M.C., Boyd, C.K., Koenigsfeld, A.T., and C.S. Okamura. 1998. Expression of somatotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in bovine tissues. J. Dairy Sci. 81:1889-1895. (60%)
• Wilson, S.J., Marion, R.S., Spain, J.N., Spiers, D.N., Keisler, D.H., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. Effects of a controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle. 1. Lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2124-2131. (40%)
• Wilson, S.J., Kirby, C.J., Koenigsfeld, A.T., Keisler, D.H., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. Effects of a controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle. 2. Heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 81:2132-2138. (40%)
• Lucy, M.C., Johnson, G.S., Shibuya, H., Boyd, C.K., and W.O. Herring. 1998. Rapid communication: polymorphic (GT)n microsatellite in the bovine somatotropin receptor gene promoter. J. Anim. Sci. 76:2209-2210. (60%)
• Sterle, J.A., Boyd, C.K., Peacock J.T., Koenigsfeld, A.T., Lamberson, W.R., Gerrard, D.E., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II, IGF binding protein-2, and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein mRNA in pigs with somatotropin-enhanced fetal growth. J. Endocrinol. 159:441-450. (60%)
• Bilby, C.R., Bader, J.F., Salfen, B.E., Youngquist, R.S., Murphy, C.N., Garverick, H.A., Crooker, B.A., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Plasma GH, insulin-like growth factor-I and conception rate in cattle treated with low doses of recombinant bovine GH. Theriogenology 51:1285-1296. (40%)
• Jiang H., Okamura C.S., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Isolation and characterization of a novel promoter for the bovine growth hormone receptor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 274:7893-7900. (40%)
• Whittier, J.C., Weech, B.L., Lucy, M.C., Keisler, D.H., Smith, M.F., and R.M. Corwin. 1999. Effect of anthelmintic treatment on sexual maturation in prepubertal beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 77:736-741. (10%)
• Lamb, G.C., Miller, B.L., Lynch J.M., Grieger, D.M., Stevenson, J.S., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Suckling reinitiated milk secretion in beef cows after an early postpartum hiatus of milking or suckling. J. Dairy Sci. 82:1489-1496. (10%)
• Kobayashi, Y., Boyd, C.K., Bracken, C.J., Lamberson, W.R., Keisler, D.H., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Reduced growth hormone receptor (GHR) messenger RNA in liver of periparturient cattle is caused by a specific down-regulation of GHR 1A that is associated with decreased insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocrinology 140:3947-3954. (40%)
• Kobayashi, Y., Vandehaar, M.J., Tucker, H.A., Sharma, B.K., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Expression of growth hormone receptor 1A messenger ribonucleic acid in liver of dairy cows during lactation and after administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin. J. Dairy Sci. 82:1910-1916. (40%)
• Liu, J., Boyd, C.K., Kobayashi, Y., Chase, C.C., Jr., Hammond, A.C., Olson, T.A., Elsasser, T.H., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. A novel phenotype for Laron dwarfism in miniature Bos indicus cattle suggests that the expression of growth hormone receptor 1A in liver is required for normal growth. Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 17:421-437. (40%)
• Liu, J., Carroll, J.A., Matteri, R.L., and M.C. Lucy. 2000. Expression of two variants of growth hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in porcine liver. J. Anim. Sci. 78:306-317. (40%)
• Jiang, H., Okamura, C.S., Boyd, C.K., and M.C. Lucy. 2000. Identification of Sp1 as the transcription factor for the alternate promoter P2 of the bovine growth hormone receptor gene. J. Molec. Endocrinol. 24:203-214. (40%)
• Lucy, M.C. 2000. Regulation of ovarian follicular growth by somatotropin and insulin-like growth factors in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 83:1635-1647. (100%)
• Kojima, F.N., Salfen, B.E., Bader, J.F., Ricke, W.A., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., and D.J. Patterson. 2000. Development of an estrus synchronization protocol for beef cattle with short-term feeding of melengestrol acetate: 7-11 synch. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2186-2191. (10%)
• Liu, J., Koenigsfeld, A.T., Cantley, T.C., Boyd, C.K., Kobayashi, Y., and M.C. Lucy. 2000. Growth and initiation of steroidogenesis in porcine follicles are associated with unique patterns of gene expression for individual components of the ovarian insulin-like growth factor system. Biol. Reprod. 63:942-952. (40%)
• Hale, C.S., Herring, W.O., Shibuya, H., Lucy, M.C., Lubahn, D.B., Keisler, D.H., and G.S. Johnson. 2000. Decreased growth in Angus steers with a short TG-microsatellite allele in the P1 promoter of the growth hormone receptor gene. J. Anim. Sci. 78:2099-2104. (10%)
• Jiang, H. and M.C. Lucy. 2001. Variants of the 5’-untranslated region of the bovine growth hormone receptor mRNA: Isolation, expression, and effects on translational efficiency. Gene 265:45-53. (40%)
• Strauch, T.A., Scholljegerdes, E.J., Patterson, D.J., Smith, M.F., Lucy, M.C., Lamberson, W.R., and J.E. Williams. 2001. Influence of undegraded intake protein on reproductive performance of primiparous beef heifers maintained on stockpiled fescue pasture. J. Anim. Sci. 79:574-581. (10%)
• Lucy, M.C., Billings, H.J., Butler, W.R., Ehnis, L.R., Fields, M.J., Kesler, D.J., Kinder, J.E., Mattos, R.C., Short, R.E., Thatcher, W.W., Wettemann, R.P., Yelich, J.V., and H.D. Hafs. 2001. Efficacy of an intravaginal progesterone insert and an injection of PGF2α for synchronizing estrus and shortening the interval to pregnancy in postpartum beef cows, peripubertal beef heifers, and dairy heifers. J. Anim Sci. 79:982-995. (40%)
• Lucy, M.C. 2001. Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: Where will it end? J. Dairy Sci. 84:1277-1293. (100%)
• Lucy, M.C., Jiang, H., and Y. Kobayashi. 2001. Changes in the somatotropin axis associated with the initiation of lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 84(E. Suppl.):E113-E119. (80%)
• Burke, J.M., Spiers, D.E., Kojima, F.N., Perry, G.A., Salfen, B.E., Wood, S.L., Patterson, D.J., Smith, M.F., Lucy, M.C., Jackson, W.G., and E.L. Piper. 2001. Interaction of endophyte-infected fescue and heat stress on ovarian function in the beef heifer. Biol. Reprod. 65:260-268. (10%)
• Jiang, H., and M.C. Lucy. 2001. Involvement of HNF-4 in the expression of growth hormone receptor 1A mRNA in bovine liver. Mol. Endocrinol. 15:1023-1034. (40%)
• Wood, S.L., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., and D.J. Patterson. 2001. Improved synchrony of estrus and ovulation with addition of GnRH to a melengestrol acetate-prostaglandin F2α synchronization treatment in beef heifers. J. Anim Sci. 79:2210-2216. (10%)
• Jiang, H., Bivens, N.J., Ries, J.E., Whitworth, K.M., Green, J.A., Forrester, L.J., Springer, G.K., Didion, B.A., Mathialagan, N., Prather, R.S., and M.C. Lucy. 2001. Constructing cDNA libraries with fewer clones that contain long poly(dA) tails. Biotechniques 31:38-42. (10%)
• Lucy, M.C. 2001. Reproductive physiology and management of high-yielding dairy cattle. Proc. NZ Soc. Anim. Prod. 61:120-127. (100%)
• Kobayashi, Y., Boyd, C.K., McCormack, B.L., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Reduced IGF-I after feed restriction in lactating dairy cows is independent of changes in growth hormone receptor 1A. J. Dairy Sci. 85:748-754. (40%)
• Smith, J.M., VanAmburgh, M.E., Díaz, M.C., Lucy, M.C., and D.E. Bauman. 2002. Effect of nutrient intake on the development of the somatotropic axis and its responsiveness to GH in Holstein bull calves. J. Anim Sci. 80:1528-1537. (10%)
• Pershing, R.A., Lucy, M.C., Thatcher, W.W., and L. Badinga. 2002. Effects of BST on oviductal and uterine genes encoding components of the IGF system in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85:3260-3267. (10%).
• Butler, S.T., Bork, A.L., Pelton, S.H., Radcliff, R.P., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Butler. 2003. Insulin restores hepatic growth hormone (GH) responsiveness during lactation-induced negative energy balance in dairy cattle: effects on expression of insulin-like growth factor-I and GH receptor 1A. J. Endocrinol. 176:205-217. (20%)
• Bracken, C.J., Lamberson, W.R., Safranski, T.J., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. Factors affecting follicular populations on day 3 post-weaning and interval to ovulation in a commercial sow herd. Theriogenology 60:11-20. (25%)
• Borman, J.M, Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Kojima, F.N., Patterson, D.J., Macmillan, K.L., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. Synchronization of estrus in dairy cows using prostaglandin F2α, gonaodotropin-releasing hormone and estradiol cypionate. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 76:163-176. (40%)
• Hasler, J.F., Bilby, C.R., Collier, R.J., Denham, S.C., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin on superouvlatory response and recipient pregnancy rates in a commercial embryo transfer program. Theriogenology 59:1919-1928. (30%)
• Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Matteri, R.L., Carroll, J.A., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Lamberson. 2003. Effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on fetal and placental growth in gilts with reduced uterine capacity. J. Anim. Sci. 81:765-771 (25%).
• Bracken, C.J., Safranski, T.J., Cantley, T.C., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Lamberson. 2003. Effect of time of ovulation and sperm concentration on fertilization rate in gilts. Theriogenology 60:669-676 (25%).
• Kendall, P.E., Auchtung, T.L., Swanson, K.S., Radcliff, R.P., Lucy, M.C., Drackley, J.K. and G.E. Dahl. 2003. Effect of photoperiod on hepatic growth hormone receptor 1A expression in steer calves. J. Anim. Sci. 81:1440-1446 (10%).
• Suchyta, S.P., Sipkovsky, S., Kruska, R., Jeffers, A., McNulty, A., Coussens, M.J., Tempelman, R.J., Halgren, R.G., Saama, P.M., Bauman, D.E., Boisclair, Y.R., Burton, J.L., Collier, R.J., DePeters, E.J., Ferris, T.A., Lucy, M.C., McGuire, M.A., Medrano, J.F., Overton, T.R., Smith T.P., Smith, G.W., Sonstegard, T.S., Spain, J.N., Spiers, D.E., Yao, J., and P. M. Coussens. 2003. Development and testing of a high-density cDNA microarray resource for cattle. Physiol. Genomics 15:158-164 (5%).
• Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Crooker, B.A. and M. C. Lucy. 2003. Plasma hormones and expression of growth hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in hepatic tissue of periparturient dairy cows J. Dairy Sci. 86:3920-3926 (40%).
• Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Crooker, B.A. and M. C. Lucy 2003. Growth hormone (GH) Binding and expression of GH receptor 1A mRNA in hepatic Tissue of periparturient dairy cows J. Dairy Sci. 86:3933-3940 (40%).
• Wood-Follis, S.L., Kojima, F.N., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F. and D. J. Patterson. 2004. Estrus synchronization in beef heifers with progestin-based protocols. I. Differences in response based on pubertal status at the initiation of treatment. Theriogenology 62:1518-1528 (10%).
• Stevenson, J.S., Tiffany, S.M. and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Use of estradiol cypionate as a substitute for GnRH in protocols for synchronizing ovulation in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 87:3298-3305 (5%).
• Rhoads, M.L., Gilbert, R.O., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Butler. 2004. Effects of urea infusion on the uterine luminal environment of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 87:2896-2901 (10%).
• Jiang, H., Whitworth, K.M., Bivens, N.J., Ries, J.E., Woods, R.J., Forrester, L.J., Springer, G.K., Mathialagan, N., Agca, C., Prather, R.S. and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Large-scale generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from porcine ovary. Biol. Reprod. 71:1991-2002 (40%).
• Radcliff, R.P., VandeHaar, M.J., Kobayashi, Y., Sharma, B.K., Tucker, H.A. and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Effect of dietary energy and somatotropin on components of the somatotropic axis in Holstein heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 87:1229-1235 (25%).
• Lucy, M.C., McDougall, S. and D. P. Nation. 2004.The use of hormonal treatments to improve the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows in feedlot or pasture-based management systems. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 82-83:495-512 (75%).
• Stegner, J.E., Kojima, F.N., Bader, J.F., Lucy, M.C., Ellersieck, M.R., Smith, M.F. and D. J. Patterson. 2004. Follicular dynamics and steroid profiles in cows during and after treatment with progestin-based protocols for synchronization of estrus. J. Anim Sci. 82:1022-1028 (10%).
• Stegner, J.E., Kojima, F.N., Ellersieck, M.R., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F. and D.J. Patterson. 2004. A comparison of progestin-based protocols to synchronize estrus in postpartum beef cows. J. Anim Sci. 82:1016-1021 (10%).
• Lucy, M.C. 2004. Mechanisms linking the somatotropic axis with insulin: Lessons from the postpartum dairy cow. Proc. NZ Soc. Anim. Prod. 64:19-23. (100%)
• Lucy, M.C. 2004. New tools for managing reproduction. Anim. Prod. Australia 25:363-372 (100%).
• Perry, G.A., Smith, M.F., Lucy, M.C., Green, J.A., Parks, T.E., MacNeil, M.D., Roberts, A.J., and T.W. Geary. 2005. Relationship between follicle size at insemination and pregnancy success. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102:5268-5273.
• Jiang, H., Lucy, M.C., Crooker, B.A., and W.E. Beal. 2005. Expression of growth hormone receptor 1A mRNA is decreased in dairy cows but not in beef cows at parturition. J. Dairy Sci. 88:1370-1377.
• Lucy, M.C. 2005. Non-lactational traits of importance to dairy cows and applications for emerging biotechnologies. NZ Vet J. 53:406-415.
• Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Keisler, D.H. Crooker, B.A. and M.C. Lucy. 2006. Partial feed restriction decreases growth hormone receptor 1A mRNA expression in postpartum dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 89:611-619.
• Bracken, C.J., Seaman-Bridges, J.S. Safranski, T.J., and M.C. Lucy. 2006. Ovarian follicular development, estrus, and ovulation in seasonally anestrous sows treated seven days post weaning with equine and human chorionic gonadotropins. J. Swine Health Prod. 14:207-209.
• Bracken, C.J., Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Keisler, D.H. and M. C. Lucy. 2006. Decreased follicular size during late lactation caused by treatment with charcoal-treated follicular fluid delays onset of estrus and ovulation after weaning in sows. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2110-2117.
• Agca, C., Ries, J.E., Kolath, S.J., Kim, J.-H., Forrester, L.J., Antoniou, E., Whitworth, K.M., Mathialagan, N., Springer, G.K., Prather, R.S., and M.C. Lucy. 2006. Luteinization of porcine preovulatory follicles leads to systematic changes in follicular gene expression. Reproduction 132:133-145.
• Gifford, C.A., Racicot, K., Clark, D.S., Austin, K.J., Hansen, T.R., Lucy, M.C., Davies, C.J., Ott, T.L. 2007. Regulation of interferon-stimulated genes in peripheral blood leukocytes in pregnant and bred, nonpregnant dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 90:274-280.
• Meyer JP, Radcliff RP, Rhoads ML, Bader JF, Murphy CN, Lucy MC. 2007. Timed artificial insemination of two consecutive services in dairy cows using prostaglandin F2alpha and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J. Dairy Sci. 90:691-698.
• Lucy MC. 2007. The bovine dominant ovarian follicle. J. Anim. Sci.
• Bracken, C.J., Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Keisler, D.H. and M. C. Lucy. In press. Two days of pulsatile GnRH infusion beginning four days before weaning in sows initiates a wave of follicular growth that is not sustained after weaning. Anim. Reprod. Sci.
• Chagas, L.M., J.J. Bass, D. Blache, C.R. Burke, J. K. Kay, D.R. Lindsay, M.C. Lucy, G.B. Martin, S. Meier, F.M. Rhodes, J.R. Roche, W.W. Thatcher and R. Webb. SUBMITTED. New Perspectives on the Roles of Nutrition and Metabolic Priorities in the Sub-Fertility of High-Producing Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci.

Book Chapters - published

• Lucy, M.C., Thatcher, W.W., and C.R. Staples. 1992. Postpartum function: nutritional and physiological interactions. Pages 135-145. In: Large Dairy Herd Management. American Dairy Science Association, Champaign, IL. (80%)
• Staples, C.R., Thatcher, W.W., Garcia-Bojalil, C.M., and M.C. Lucy. 1992. Nutritional influences on reproductive function. Pages 382-392. In: Large Dairy Herd Management. American Dairy Science Association, Champaign, IL. (10%)
• Armstrong, J.D., Harvey, R.W., Stanko, R.L. Cohick, W.S., Simpson, R.B., Moore, K.L., Schoppee, P.D., Clemmons, D.R., Whitacre, M.D., Britt, J.H., Lucy, M.C., Heimer, E.P. and R.M. Campbell. 1993. Active immunisation against growth hormone releasing factor: effects on growth, metabolism and reproduction in cattle and swine. Pages 97-105. In: Vaccines in Agriculture: Immunological Applications to Animal Health and Production, P.R. Wood, P. Willadsen, J.E. Vercoe, R.M. Hoskinson, and D. Demeyer, CSIRO Australia. (10%)
• Lucy, M.C., and R.J. Collier. 1994. Genetic Engineering (animals). Volume 12. Pages 465-480. In: Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. (80%)
• Cole, W.J., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Management of reproduction in dairy herds utilizing bovine somatotropin. Pages 473-478. In: Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. R. S. Youngquist (Ed). W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. (50%)
• Spain, J.N., Lucy, M.C., and D.K. Hardin. 1997. Effects of nutrition on reproduction in dairy cattle. Pages 416-423. In: Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. R. S. Youngquist (Ed). W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. (33%)
• Lucy, M.C., Bilby, C.R., Kirby, C.J., Yuan, W., and C. K. Boyd. 1999. Role of growth hormone in development and maintenance of follicles and corpora lutea. J. Reprod. Fertil Suppl. 54:49-59. (80%)
• Lucy, M.C., Liu, J., Boyd, C.K., and C.J. Bracken. 2001. Ovarian follicular growth in sows. Reproduction Suppl. 58:31-45. (80%)
• Crooker, B.A., Weber, W.J., Ma, L.S., and M.C. Lucy. 2001. Effect of energy balance and selection for milk yield on the somatotropic axis of the lactating Holstein cow: endocrine profiles and hepatic gene expression. Pages 345-348. In: Energy Metabolism in Animals. EAAP Publication No. 103. A. Chwalibog and K. Jakobsen (Eds.), Wageningen Pers, Wageningen, Netherlands (20%).
• Lucy, M.C., Garverick, H. A., and D.E. Spiers. 2002. Stress – management induced in dairy cattle, effects on reproduction. Pages 2611-2618. In: Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Academic Press, London. (80%)
• Garverick, H. A., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Reproduction – Oestrous cycles, postpartum cyclicity. Pages 2157-2163. In: Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences. Academic Press, London. (20%)
• Lucy, M.C. 2003. Mechanisms linking nutrition and reproduction in postpartum cows. Reproduction Suppl. 61:415-427 (100%).
• Lucy, M.C. Genetic Engineering, Animals. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Online Edition (100%).
• Spain, J.N., Lucy, M.C., and D.K. Hardin. 2007. Effects of nutrition on reproduction in dairy cattle. Pages 442-450. In: Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. R. S. Youngquist and W.R. Threlfall (Eds). Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO.
• Lucy, M.C. 2007. Fertility in high-producing dairy cows: Reasons for decline and corrective strategies for sustainable improvement. Reproduction Suppl.
• Lucy, M.C. 2007. Genetic Engineering, Animals. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Concise 5th Edition, Volume 4, John Wiley & Sons.

Abstracts (National or International Meetings)

• Stevenson, J.S., Lucy, M.C., and E.P. Call. 1985. Serum progesterone before and after insemination and gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH) in Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 61 (suppl 1):114.
• Lucy, M.C., Stevenson, J.S., and E.P. Call. 1985. Controlling calving intervals for dairy cows with prostaglandin F2a and insemination by appointment. J. Dairy Sci. 68 (suppl 1):181.
• Lucy, M.C., and J.S. Stevenson. 1985. Serum progesterone and estradiol‑17b following GnRH and artificial insemination in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 68 (suppl 1):178.
• Lucy, M.C., and R.M. Petters. 1986. Production of identical twin chimeric mice by reciprocal exchange of split embryo halves. J. Anim. Sci. 63 (suppl 1):328.
• Pomp, D., Petters, R.M., Eisen, E.J., and M.C. Lucy. 1987. Effects of cytoplasm on selection response for increased growth rate in mice. J. Anim. Sci. 65 (suppl 1):199.
• Lucy, M.C., Gross, T.S., and W.W. Thatcher. 1988. Effect of intravenous (IV) infusions of a fatty acid precursor of prostaglandin F2a (PGF) on ovarian function and plasma PGFM concentrations in cycling heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 66 (suppl 1):431.
• Van Cleeff J., Macmillan, K.L., Thatcher, W.W., and M.C. Lucy. 1989. Estrous synchronization and fertility in heifers treated with CIDR before and after insemination. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (suppl 1):383.
• Staples, C.R., Lucy, M.C., Thatcher, W.W., Davalos, H., and D.S. Lough. 1989. Effect of forage species and form and method of ration balancing on performance of lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (suppl 1):309.
• Lucy, M.C., Thatcher, W.W., Michel, F.J., and C.R. Staples. 1989. Effect of dietary calcium soaps of long chain fatty acids (Megalac) on plasma prostaglandin F2a metabolite (PGFM), LH, energy balance, and follicular populations in early postpartum dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (suppl 1):389.
• Lucy, M.C., Staples, C.R., Thatcher, W.W., Lough, D.S., Michel, F.J., and D.K. Beede. 1989. Influence of energy balance of dairy cattle from 0 to 42 days postpartum on ovarian follicular populations. J. Anim. Sci. 67 (suppl 1):386.
• Wolfenson, D., Thatcher, W.W., Savio, J.D., and M.C. Lucy. 1990. The effect of a GnRH analogue and PGF2a on follicular development and dominance in the cyclic lactating dairy cow. J. Dairy Sci. 73 (suppl 1):178.
• Van Cleeff, J., Lucy, M.C., Michel, F., Thatcher, W.W., and Wilcox, C.J. 1990. Milk and plasma progesterone and plasma LH in ovariectomized lactating cows treated with CIDR devices. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (suppl 1):441.
• Savio, J.D., Bongers, H., Drost, M., Lucy, M.C., and W.W. Thatcher. 1990. Follicular development and superovulatory response in Holstein cows treated with FSH‑P alone or in combination with progesterone and buserelin. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (suppl 1):457.
• Lucy, M.C., Erickson, P.S., Thatcher, W.W., Murphy, M.R., Cleale, R.M., Firkins, J.L., Brodie, B.O., Staples, C.R., and J.H. Clark. 1990. Influence of diet composition, dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and energy balance (EB) on time of postpartum ovulation and fertility in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 68 (suppl 1):421.
• Lucy, M.C., Beck, J., Drost, M., and W.W. Thatcher. 1990. Plasma metabolites, growth factors (GF), and IGF‑1 binding proteins (BP) during altered follicular growth induced by shifting energy balance (EB) in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 73 (suppl 1):178.
• Lucy, M.C., Hauser, S.D., Eppard, P.J., Krivi, G.G., and R.J. Collier. 1991. Genetic polymorphisms with the bovine somatotropin (bST) gene detected by polymerase chain reaction and endonuclease digestion. J. Dairy Sci. 74 (suppl 1):284.
• De La Sota, R.L., Lucy, M.C., Staples, C.R., and W.W. Thatcher. 1991. Effect of sometribove (USAN methionyl bovine somatotropin, bST) on ovarian follicular dynamics in lactating and nonlactating dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69 (suppl 1):439.
• Lucy, M.C., De La Sota, R.L., Staples, C.R., and W.W. Thatcher. 1991. Effect of dietary calcium salts of long chain fatty acids (CaLCFA), energy intake, and lactation on ovarian follicular dynamics in Holstein dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 69 (suppl 1):451.
• Lucy, M.C., Savio, J.D., Badinga, L., and W.W. Thatcher. 1991. Factors regulating ovarian follicular dynamics in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 69 (suppl 1):438.
• Lucy, M.C., Thatcher, W.W., Savio, J.D., Danet-Desnoyers, G., Moser, M.T., Badinga, L., Simmen, F.A., and R.J. Collier. 1992. Effect of bovine somatotropin on ovarian follicles, corpora lutea (CL), and embryos during early pregnancy in cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 70 (suppl 1):271.
• Lucy, M.C., Collier, R.J., Kitchell, M.L., Dibner, J.J., Hauser, S.D., and G.G. Krivi. 1992. Immunohistochemical and nucleic acid analysis of somatotropin receptor populations in the bovine ovary. J. Anim. Sci. 70 (suppl 1):259.
• Lucy, M.C., Hammond, A.C., Elsasser, T.H., Olson, T.A., and R.J. Collier. 1993. A miniature condition in cattle is associated with under-expression of a normal somatotropin receptor gene. Page 166 of Program and Abstracts of the 75th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Las Vegas, Nevada.
• Elsasser, T.H., Caperna, T.J., Lucy, M.C., Hammond, A.C., and T.A. Olson. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II, IGF-binding proteins (BP) and growth hormone (GH)BP in normal and miniature Brahman cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 71 (suppl 1):139.
• Lucy, M.C., Curran, T.L., Collier, R.J., and W.J. Cole. 1993. Extended function of the corpus luteum and increased follicle turnover in heifers treated with bovine somatotropin. Biol. Reprod. 48 (suppl 1):61.
• Gerrard, D.E., Cantley, T.C., Lucy, M.C., Okamura, C.S., Moran, T.V. and B.N. Day. 1994. Altered fetal porcine development through the administration of porcine somatotropin. J. Anim. Sci. 72 (suppl 1):70.
• Lucy, M.C., Wilson, S.W., Denbigh, J.L., and J.N. Spain. 1995. Association between serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and ovarian follicular growth in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 78 (suppl 1):307.
• Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Lamberson, W.R., Lucy, M.C., Gerrard, D.E., Matteri, R.L., and B.N. Day. 1995. Effects of recombinant porcine somatotropin on placental size, fetal growth and IGF-I and II concentrations in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 73 (suppl 1):64.
• Kirby, C.J., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., and D.H. Keisler. 1995. Follicular function of lactating dairy cows treated with sustained release bovine somatotropin (POSILAC®). J. Anim. Sci. 73 (suppl 1):89.
• Lucy, M.C., Heap, D., Collier, R.J., and C.K. Boyd. 1995. Expression of alternate growth hormone receptor messenger RNA in endometrium and corpus luteum of cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 73 (suppl 1):219.
• Wilson, S.J., Lucy, M.C., Spain, J.N., and D.H. Keisler. 1995. Corpus luteum function and follicular dynamics in lactating dairy cattle exposed to heat stress. J. Anim. Sci. 73 (suppl 1):231.
• Weech, B.L., Whittier, J.C., Lucy, M.C., Keisler, D.H., Smith, M.F., and R.M. Corwin. 1995. Effect of anthelmintic on follicular development and response to estradiol challenge in prepubertal beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 73 (suppl 1):233.
• Yuan, W., and M.C. Lucy. 1995. Effects of GH on in vitro progesterone synthesis and gene expression of LH, FSH, and GH receptors and steroidogenic enzymes in porcine luteal cells during mid-pregnancy. Biol. Reprod. 52 (suppl 1):66.
• Yuan W., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Messenger ribonucleic acid expression for growth hormone receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor, and steroidogenic enzymes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in porcine and bovine corpora lutea. Biol. Reprod. 54 (suppl 1):115.
• Lucy, M.C., Chase Jr., C.C., Kirby, C.J., Hammond, A.C., and T.A. Olson. 1996. A condition associated with reduced growth hormone receptor function leads to altered development of follicles and corpora lutea in cattle. Biol. Reprod. 54 (suppl 1):188.
• Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Lamberson, W.R., and M.C. Lucy. 1996. Ultrasonic evaluation of follicular growth in pre- and post-weaning sows. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (suppl 1):73.
• Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Matteri, R.L., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Lamberson. 1996. Increased uterine capacity by injections of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) to gilts during gestation. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (suppl 1):143.
• Wilson, S.J., Luebbering, A.T., Kirby, C.J., and M.C. Lucy 1996. Heat stress reduces serum estradiol and alters follicular dominance in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 74 (suppl 1):238.
• Sterle, J.A., Peacock, J.T., Boyd, C.K., Cantley, T.C., Lamberson, W.R., Matteri, R.L., and M.C. Lucy.1997. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein (BP)-2 in liver and reproductive tissues of pregnant pigs treated with recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST). J. Anim. Sci. 75 (suppl 1):88.
• Yuan, W., Bao, B., Garverick, H.A., Youngquist, R.S., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. In situ hybridization for insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II mRNA, IGF binding protein (BP)-2 and gonadotropin receptor mRNA during the development of bovine dominant ovarian follicles. J. Anim. Sci. 75 (suppl 1):81.
• Bilby, C.R., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Endocrine profiles for bovine somatotropin (bST) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in cows treated with incremental doses of sustained-release recombinant bST (rbST) for reproductive studies. J. Anim. Sci. 75 (suppl 1):229.
• Kojima, F.N., Ricke, W.A., Williams, J.E., Patterson, D.J., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Synchronization of first wave follicles and timing of ovulation in beef cattle following melengestrol acetate (MGA) and two injections of prostaglandin F2a (PGF). J. Anim. Sci. 75 (suppl 1):232.
• Lamb, G.C., Miller, B.L., Lynch, J.M., Grieger, D.M., Stevenson, J.S., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Suckling reinitiated lactation in beef cows after an early postpartum hiatus of milking or suckling. J. Anim. Sci. 75 (suppl 1):229.
• Bilby CR, and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Reproductive responses to bovine somatotropin (bST) in primiparous (P) and multiparous (M) cows with one or two corpora lutea (CL). J. Dairy Sci. 80 (suppl 1):151.
• Lucy, M.C., Boyd, C.K., Luebbering, A.T., and C.S. Okamura. 1997. Expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) variants in bovine tissues. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (suppl 1):175.
• Underwood, J.P., Spain, J.N., Williams, J.E., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Effects of mineral source on growth and reproduction of beef and dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 80 (suppl 1):187.
• Wilson, S.J., Marion, R.S., Bao, B., Bilby, C.R., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. Expression of messenger RNA encoding cytochrome P450 aromatase (AROM), cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (SCC), 17a-hydroxylase (17a-H), follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and steroid acute regulatory protein (STAR) in second wave dominant follicles of heat-stressed and thermoneutral heifers. Biol. Reprod. 56 (suppl 1):143.
• Lamberson, W.R., Boyle, A.M., and M.C. Lucy. 1997. A simulation model for comparing timing of insemination. Page 93. Program and Abstract Book of the Fifth International Conference on Pig Reproduction. June 2-4, 1997. Kerkrade, The Netherlands.
• Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Carroll, J.A., Matteri, R.L., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Lamberson. 1997. Effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rpST) on fetal and placental growth in gilts with reduced uterine capacity. Page 117. Program and Abstract Book of the Fifth International Conference on Pig Reproduction. June 2-4, 1997. Kerkrade, The Netherlands.
• Jiang, H., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. Isolation of divergent 5’-untranslated regions of the bovine growth hormone receptor mRNA. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (suppl 1):128.
• Bilby C.R., Macmillan, K.L., Verkerk, G.A., Peterson, J.A., Koenigsfeld, A.T., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. A comparative study of ovarian function in American (US) and New Zealand (NZ) Friesian lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (suppl 1):222.
• Kobayashi, Y., Lucy, M.C., VandeHaar, M.J., Tucker, H.A., Sharma, B., and M. Mosely. 1998. Expression of growth hormone (GH) receptor (r) mRNA variants in lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (suppl 1):228.
• Sterle, J.A., Cantley, T.C., Carroll, J.A., Matteri, R.L., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Lamberson. 1998. Recombinant porcine somatotropin effects on placental characteristics in gilts with reduced uterine capacity. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (suppl 1):242.
• Lucy, M.C., Weber, W.J., Baumgard, L.H., Seguin, B.S., Koenigsfeld, A.T., Hansen, L.B., Chester-Jones, H., and B.A. Crooker. 1998. Reproductive endocrinology of lactating dairy cows selected for increased milk production. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (suppl 1):246.
• Underwood, J.P., Spain J.N., and M.C. Lucy. 1998. The effects of feeding soy hulls in transition cow diets on lactation and performance of Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (suppl 1):296.
• Grant, A.L., Gerrard, D.E., Forrest, J.C., Carr, T.R., Parrett, D.F., Skaar, B.R., Parrish, F.C., Williams, J.E., Lucy, M.C., Mauer, A.J., Russell, R.L., Thomas, D.L., Gibson, C.C., Reilly, K.A., and R.G. Kauffman. 1998. Collaborative teaching & learning meat-animal growth, development, & evaluation via distance education. J. Anim. Sci. 76 (suppl 1):366.
• Bracken, C.J., Lamberson, W.R., Lucy, M.C., and T.J. Safranski. 1999. Factors affecting the timing of ovulation in weaned sows. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (suppl 1):75.
• Jiang, H., Okamura, C.S., Boyd, C.K., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. A minimal regulatory region containing a CAAT box and a GC box maintains constitutive expression of the growth hormone receptor gene. Page 196 in the Program and Abstracts of the 81st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, San Diego, CA (abstract P1-290).
• Lucy, M.C. 1999. Regulation of ovarian follicular growth by growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (suppl 1):70.
• Kobayashi, Y., Braken, C.J., Lamberson, W.R., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) 1A and IGF-I mRNA after administration of estradiol 17b or glucocorticoid (G) in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 82 (suppl 1):49.
• Mowrey, A., Lucy, M.C., and J.N. Spain. 1999. Rumen fermentation and reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows fed raw soybeans. J Dairy Sci. 82 (suppl 1):66.
• Mowrey, A., Lucy, M.C., and J.N. Spain. 1999. Reproductive performance and production characteristics of early lactation dairy cows fed raw soybeans. J Dairy Sci. 82 (suppl 1):67.
• Liu, J., Koenigsfeld, A.T., Cantley, T.C., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Growth and the initiation of steroidogenesis in porcine follicles after weaning are associated with unique patterns of gene expression for individual components of the ovarian insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (suppl 1):230.
• Smith, J.M., Diaz, M.C., VanAmburgh, M.E., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Metabolic responses to short-term bST administration in milk-fed bull calves between birth and 100 days of age. J. Anim Sci. 77 (suppl 1):157.
• Liu, J., Carroll, J.A., Matteri, R.L., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Expression of two variants of growth hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in porcine liver. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (suppl 1):215.
• Wood, S.L., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., and D.J. Patterson. 1999. Improved synchrony of estrus with addition of GnRH to a melengestrol acetate (MGA; 14 d)-prostaglandin F2a (PG; day 19) estrous synchronization treatment in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (suppl 1):227.
• Hale, C.S., Herring, W.O., Johnson G.S., Shibuya, H., Lucy, M.C., Lubahn, D.B., and D.H. Keisler. 1999. Effects associated with the Bos indicus growth hormone receptor haplotype in Bos taurus cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (suppl 1):139.
• Strauch, T.A., Scholljegerdes, E.J., Patterson, D.J., Smith, M.F., Lucy, M.C., Lamberson, W.R., and J.E. Williams. 1999. Effects of supplementation with undegraded intake protein pre- and postpartum on reproductive performance in primiparous heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 77 (suppl 1):242.
• Liu, J., Davis, P.E., and M.C. Lucy. 1999. Expression of mRNA for the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system during the initiation of ovarian follicular growth. Biol. Reprod. 60 (suppl 1):108.
• Lucy, M.C., Liu, J., Koenigsfeld, A.T., Cantley, T.C., and D.H. Keisler. 1999. Ultrasonically-measured ovarian follicular development in weaned sows. Biol. Reprod. 60 (suppl 1):166.
• Wood, S.L., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., and D.J. Patterson. 2000. Estrus and fertility in yearling beef heifers after addition of GnRH to a melengestrol acetate (MGA)-prostaglandin F2a estrus synchronization protocol. Theriogenology 53:207.
• Bracken, C.J., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Lamberson. 2000. Transrectal ultrasonography in gilts. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (suppl 2):75.
• Lucy, M.C., Jiang, H., and Y. Kobayashi. 2000. Changes in the somatotrophic axis associated with the initiation of lactation. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (suppl 1):12.
• Jiang, H., and M. C. Lucy. 2000. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 may be responsible for the expression of the growth hormone receptor gene in liver. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (suppl 1):17.
• Burke, J.M., Kojima, F.N., Salfen, B.E., Wood, S.L., Patterson, D.J., Smith, M.F., Lucy, M.C., Jackson, W.G., and E.L. Piper. 2000. Interaction of endophyte-infected fescue and heat stress on ovarian function in the beef heifer. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (suppl 1):199-200.
• Wood, S.L., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., Randle, R.F., Hardin, D.K., and D.J. Patterson. 2000. Estrus and fertility in beef heifers synchronized with melengestrol acetate (MGA) and prostaglandin F2a with or without GnRH. J. Anim. Sci. 78 (suppl 1):210.
• Bolden-Tiller, O.U., Welshons, W.V., Lucy, M.C., and M.F. Smith. 2000. Progesterone receptor mRNA and protein expression in bovine corpora lutea. Biol. Reprod. 62 (suppl 1):268.
• Davis, P.E., and M.C. Lucy. 2001. Effects of estradiol (E) on follicular growth in neonatal pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (suppl 2):90.
• Rosenkrans, K.S., Hardin, D.K., Lucy, M.C., Tyler, J.W., and R.L. Larson. 2001. Determining the effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone to synchronize returns to estrus in dairy heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (suppl 1):460.
• Kendall, P.E., Auchtung, T.L., Swanson, K.S., Bode, M.L., Lucy, M.C., Drackley, J.K., and G.E. Dahl. 2001. The effect of photoperiod on hepatic growth hormone receptor (GHR) expression in steer calves. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (suppl 1):226.
• Mowrey, A., Spain, J.N., Lucy, M.C., Ellersiek, M.R., and K.L. Fritsche. 2001. A two-year study measuring the reproductive performance of dairy cows fed soybeans. J. Anim. Sci. 79 (suppl 1):119.
• Davis, P.E. and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Effects of estradiol (E) and pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on follicular growth in neonatal pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 2):82.
• Bracken, C.J., Seaman, J.S., Safranski, T.J., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Effect of PG600 given at 7 d postweaning on follicular development, estrus, and ovulation, in sows classified as anestrus in a commercial swine herd. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 2):82.
• Scheer, W.A., Lucy, M.C., Kerley, M., and J.N. Spain. 2002. Effects of feeding soybeans and rumen protected choline during late gestation and early lactation on performance of dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 1):276.
• Perry, G.A., Geary, T.W., Lucy, M.C., and M.F. Smith. 2002. Effect of follicle size at time of GnRH-induced ovulation on luteal function and fertility. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (suppl 2):114-115.
• Stegner, J.E., Kojima, F.N., Bader, J.F., Salfen, B.E., Ellersieck, M.R., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., and D.J. Patterson. 2002. Altered steroid profiles of beef cows during and after MGA select or 7-11 synch and resulting differences in interval to estrus. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 2):117.
• Bolden-Tiller, O. U., Lucy, M.C., Rucker, E.B., and M.F. Smith. 2002. Bovine luteal progesterone receptor: a modulator of progesterone in bovine corpora lutea. Biol. Reprod. 66(suppl 1):183.
• Stevenson, J.S., Tiffany, S.M., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Incidence and timing of estrus, LH surge, and ovulation in cows treated with the Ovsynch protocol with estradiol cypionate (ECP) substituting for GnRH. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 1):99.
• Spain, J.N., Lucy, M., and D.E. Spiers. 2002. The effects of environmental stress on the performance of dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (suppl 1):56.
• Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) 1A, IGF-I, total GHR, and cyclophilin (cyclo) mRNA in hepatic tissues of periparturient Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 1):349.
• Borman, J.M., Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Kojima, F.N., Patterson, D.J., Macmillan, K.L., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Synchronization of estrus in dairy cows using prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), and estradiol cypionate (ECP). J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 1):99.
• Jiang, H., Whitworth, K.M., Bivens, N., Ries, J., Green, J.A., Forrester, L.J., Springer, G.K., Guillen, A., Didion, B.A., Mathialagan, N., Prather, R.S., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Large scale generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from porcine ovaries or ovarian follicles at different stages of development. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 1):301.
• Marr, A.L., Piepenbrink, M.S., Overton, T.R., Lucy, M.C., and W.R. Butler. 2002. The somatotropic axis and lipid metabolism in transition dairy cows in relation to timing of first postpartum ovulation. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 1):66.
• Bracken, C.J., McCormack, B.L., Radcliff, R.P., Cantley, T.C., and M.C. Lucy. 2002. Serum estradiol and FSH concentrations in lactating sows before and after ovariectomy. J. Anim. Sci. 80(suppl 1):203.
• Whitworth, K.M., Lucy, M.C., Ries, J.E., Springer G.K., Guillen, A., Forrester, J.L., Mathialagan, N., Didion, B.A., Prather, R.S. and J.A. Green. 2002. Characterization of cDNA libraries developed from porcine oocytes and embryos: identification of differentially expressed genes. Biol. Reprod. 66(suppl 1):159.
• Green, J.A., Whitworth, K.M., Ries, J.E., Springer G.K., Guillen, A., Forrester, J.L., Mathialagan, N., Didion, B.A., Lucy, M.C., and R.S. Prather. 2002. Characterization of cDNA libraries developed from porcine uterus and oviduct: identification of differentially expressed genes. Biol. Reprod. 66(suppl 1):319.
• Kolath, S.J., Coussens, P.M., Sipkovsky, S., Wilson, S.J., Spiers, D.E., Spain, J.N., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. Microarray analysis of gene expression in dominant ovarian follicles (DF) from heat stress (HS) and thermoneutral (TN) heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 2):88.
• Meyer, J.P., Kolath, S.J., Radcliff, R.P., Rhoads, M.L., McCormack, B.L., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. A timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocol for synchronizing two inseminations within a 32-d period in dairy cows and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 2):93.
• Bracken, C.J., McCormack, B.L., Cantley, T.C., Radcliff, R.P., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. Ovarian follicular populations before weaning in sows are dependent on FSH. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 2):90.
• Bracken, C.J., McCormack, B.L., Cantley, T.C., Radcliff, R.P., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. Ovarian follicular populations before weaning in sows are dependent on GnRH-induced LH release. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 1):119.
• Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Crooker, B.A., and M.C. Lucy. 2003. Growth hormone (GH) binding in liver of periparturient Holstein cows is correlated with growth hormone receptor (GHR) 1A mRNA. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 1):102.
• Weber, W.J., Kolath, S.J., Lucy, M.C., Chester-Jones, H., Hansen, L.B., and B.A. Crooker. 2003. Effect of genetic potential for milk yield on the onset of reproductive activity and corpus luteum function in Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 1):238.
• Perry, G.A. Smith, M.F. Lucy, M.C., Roberts, A.J., MacNeil, M.D., and T.W. Geary. 2003. Effect of ovulatory follicle size at time of GnRH injection or standing estrus on pregnancy rates and embryonic/fetal mortality in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 1):52.
• Jiang, H., Lucy, M.C., and Q. Xu. 2003. The bovine growth hormone receptor promoter 1 is positively regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor γ via the same element for hepatocyte nuclear factor α. J. Anim. Sci. 81(suppl 1):312.
• Chase Jr., C.C., Riley, D.G., Elsasser, T.H., Spicer, L.J., Lucy, M.C., Coleman, S.W. and T. A. Olson. 2004. Effect of insulin and growth hormone administration on circulating concentrations of metabolic hormones and metabolites in mature miniature Brahman cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):193.
• Kolath, S.J., Coussens, P.M., Sipkovsky, S.S., Wilson, S.J., Spiers, D.E., Spain, J.N., and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Microarray analysis of gene expression in ovarian dominant follicles (DF) following heat stress (HS). J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):195.
• Agca, C., Whitworth, K.M., Kim, J.G., Murphy, C.N., Rieke, A., Springer, G.K., Forrester, L.J., Green, J.A., Mathialagan, N., Prather, R.S., and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Microarray analysis of gene expression during ovarian development in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):200.
• Jiang, H., Lucy, M.C., Crooker, B.A., and W. E. Beal. 2004. Liver expression of growth hormone receptor 1A mRNA is decreased in dairy cows but not in beef cows at parturition J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):198.
• Meyer, J.P., Radcliff, R.P., Rhoads, M.L., Bader, J.F., Murphy, C.N., and M.C.Lucy. 2004. Factorial analysis of timed AI (TAI) protocols for synchronization of first and second insemination in dairy cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):256.
• McCormack, B.L., Agca, C., Chase, Jr., C.C., Olson, T.A., Elsasser, T.H., Hammond, A.C., Welsh Jr., T.H., and M.C. Lucy. 2004. A miniature condition in Brahman cattle is associated with a single nucleotide mutation within the growth hormone gene. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):199.
• Meyer, J.P., Verkerk, G.A., Gore, P.J., Macdonald, K.A., Holmes, C.W., and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Effect of genetic strain, feed allowance, and parity on interval to first ovulation and the first estrous cycle in pasture-managed dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):66.
• Rhoads, R.P., Sampson, J.D., Tempelman, R.J., Sipkovsky, S., Coussens, M.J., Lucy, M.C., Spain, J.N., and D.E. Spiers. 2004. Hepatic gene expression profiling in lactating dairy cows during an initial period of hyperthermia. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):461.
• Radcliff, R.P., McCormack, B.L., Crooker, B.A., and M. C.Lucy. 2004. Plasma hormones and expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) 1A and IGF-I mRNA in hepatic tissue of feed-restricted peri-parturient dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):194.
• Schafer, D.J., Bader, J.F., Busch, D.C., Kojima, F.N., Ellersieck, M.R., Lucy, M.C., Smith, M.F., and D.J. Patterson. 2004. Comparison of EAZI-BREED CIDR inserts with melengestrol acetate in progestin-based protocols to synchronize estrus in beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):255.
• Rhoads, M.L., Meyer, J.P., Kolath, S.J., Lamberson W.R., and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Expression of growth hormone receptor and IGF-I mRNA in the reproductive tissues of early postpartum dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):297.
• Rhoads, M.L., Meyer, J.P., Lamberson, W.R., Keisler, D.H., and M.C. Lucy. 2004. Effect of estrus and pregnancy status on growth hormone receptor and IGF-I gene expression in the uterus and liver of postpartum dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):460.
• Oelrichs, W.A., Lucy, M.C., Kerley, M.S., and J.N. Spain. 2004. Feeding soybeans and rumen-protected choline to dairy cows during the periparturient period and early lactation. 1. Effects on productions and energy balance. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):344.
• Oelrichs, W.A., Lucy, M.C., Kerley, M.S., and J.N. Spain. 2004. Feeding soybeans and rumen-protected choline to dairy cows during the periparturient period and early lactation. 2. Effects on reproduction. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):344.
• Oelrichs, W.A., Lucy, M.C., Kerley, M.S., and J.N. Spain. 2004. Feeding soybeans and rumen-protected choline to dairy cows during the periparturient period and early lactation: effects on plasma lipid balance. J. Anim. Sci. 82(suppl 1):441-442.
• Palliser, C.C., Boston, R.C., Burke, C.R., Lucy, M.C., Gore, P.J., Beukes, P.C., and L.M. Chagas. 2004. The dynamic relationship between nutrient partitioning and reproduction. Proceedings of the VIth International Symposium on Modelling and Nutrient Utilisation in Farm Animals, Wageningen University, Netherlands.
• Aikins JA, Busch DC, Bader JF, Schafer DJ, Lucy MC, Patterson, DJ, Smith MF. 2005. GnRH-induced ovulation in heifers: Effects of stage of follicular wave. Biol. Reprod. 2005 Special Issue: 231.
• Lucy MC. 2005. Functional genomics of reproductive tissues: creating new knowledge that can be used to solve infertility in farm animals. J Anim Sci 83(suppl 1):4.
• Schafer DJ, Bader JF, Busch DC, Kojima FN, Ellersieck MR, Lucy MC, Smith MF, Patterson DJ. 2005. Follicular dynamics, estrus, and ovulation in cows syncrhonized to ovulate first of second wave dominant follicles using short-or long-term melengestrol acetate (MGA) or EAZI-BREED CIDR Insert (CIDR)-base protocols. Reprod. Fertil. Devel 17 (suppl 1,2):254.
• Lucy, MC. 2006. The dominant ovarian follicle. J. Anim. Sci. 84(suppl 1): 1.
• Winkelman LA, Lucy, MC, and CK Reynolds. 2006. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 mRNA increases after calving in dairy cows and is associated with elevated estradiol-17β concentrations before calving. J. Anim. Sci. 84(suppl 1):110.
• Atkins, JA, Geary TW, Wells KJ, Lucy MC, and MF Smith. 2006. Factors affecting ovulatory follicle size and ovulation success to GnRH-induced ovulation in postpartum cows. J. Anim. Sci. 84(suppl 1):152.
• Sampson JD, Rhoads, RP, Tempelman RJ, Sipkovsky SS, Coussens PM, Lucy MC, Spain JN, and DE Spiers. 2006. Effect of feeding whole soybeans on hepatic gene expression in lactating dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 84(suppl 1):71.
• Lucy MC, Agca C, and SJ Kolath. 2006. Patterns of ovarian gene expression in pigs and cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84(suppl 2):95.
• Atkins JA, Busch DC, Bader JF, Schafer DJ, and MC Lucy. 2006. Ovulatory response of beef heifers to GnRH: effect of stage of the estrous cycle. J. Anim. Sci. 84(suppl 2):101.
• Meyer J, Radcliff R, and M Lucy. 2006. Expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) mRNA in hepatic tissue of periparturient Holstein cows. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Section of the American Society of Animal Science. March 20-22, 2006, Des Moines, IA.

United States and International Patents and Patent Applications

---

US Patent #5,374,523 “Allelic variants of bovine somatotropin gene: Genetic marker for superior milk production in bovine” R.J. Collier, S.D. Hauser, G.G. Krivi, and M.C. Lucy; 1994.

US Patent Application 09/910,428: “A DNA marker for cattle growth” W.O. Herring, C.S. Hale, H. Shibuya, M.C. Lucy, D.B. Lubahn, D.H. Keisler, and G.S. Johnson; 2000.

International Patent Application PCT/US02/37236 “Compositions and Methods for Accurate Early Pregnancy Detection” M.C. Lucy and N. Mathialagan; 2002

US Patent Application 10/496,164 “Compositions and Methods for Accurate Early Pregnancy Detection” M.C. Lucy and N. Mathialagan; 2004

Funding for Research Program

---

Institutional Support

I am a member of the F21C Reproductive Biology Program. I receive my salary, one-half salary for a research specialist, a GRA, and $13,000 annual operating expenses through the program. My initial start-up package was $35,000 plus laboratory equipment from my predecessor. Two F21C Postdoctoral Fellows have worked in my laboratory (Wei Yuan and Honglin Jiang).

Listing of Individual Funded Grants

Federal Competitive Grants (PI: $ ; Co-PI: $ )

1. USDA CSREES 92-37203-8341 “Effect of growth hormone on functions of the corpus luteum in cattle” USDA NRICGP, 1992-1996, $84,000; M.C. Lucy, PI (A balance of $27,478 was transferred to the University of Missouri from the original grant of $84,000).
2. USDA CSREES 94-38420-0985 “Food and Agricultural Sciences National Needs Graduate Fellowship Grants Program” 1994-1997, $162,000; B.N. Day and R.M. Roberts, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
3. USDA CSREES 95-37205-2312 “Structure and regulation of the growth hormone receptor gene in cattle” USDA NRICGP, 1995-1998, $130,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
4. USDA CSREES 96-35203-3255 “Follicular growth in sows” USDA NRICGP, 1996-1999, $175,016; M.C. Lucy, PI.
5. USDA CSREES 96-35209-3893 “Strategic cooling of dairy cows for improved summer efficiency and performance” USDA NRICGP, 1996-1999, $205,000; D.E. Spiers, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
6. USDA CSREES 96-38420-3048 “Food and Agricultural Sciences National Needs Graduate Fellowship Grants Program” 1996-1999, $216,000; B.N. Day and R.M. Roberts, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
7. USDA CSREES “Development of resources for functional genomics in the pig” USDA NRICGP, 1999-2001, $124,354; R.S. Prather, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
8. USDA CSREES “Food and Agricultural Sciences National Needs Graduate Fellowship Grants Program” 2000-2003, $207,000; H.A. Garverick and R.M. Roberts, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
9. USDA CSREES 00-35203-9106 “Interval to ovulation in weaned sows” USDA NRICGP, 2000-2002, $180,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
10. USDA CSREES 00-35206-9536 “Growth hormone receptor 1A in periparturient dairy cattle” USDA NRICGP, 2000-2002, $180,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
11. USDA 01-52100-11211 “Functional genomics of well-being and milk quality in cattle” USDA IFAFS, 2001-2004, $220,983; D.E. Spiers, PI, M.C. Lucy, Co-PI.
12. USDA CSREES 03-35205-12812 “Bovine ESTs: Focus on female reproduction” $990,000; R.S. Prather, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
13. USDA CSREES 2005-38420-15806 “An innovative doctoral training program to prepare the next generation of cross-disciplinary scholars in animal reproductive biology” 2005-2010, $69,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
14. USDA CSREES 2007-35203-17836 “Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Regulation of the Porcine Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy” 2006-2009. $331,756. MC Lucy co-PI (R. Geisert PI).

Private Competitive Grants (Co-PI: $ )

1. Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council “The utility of soybeans for enhancing reproductive performance of dairy cattle” 1997-1998, $36,375; J.N. Spain, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
2. Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council “The utility of soybeans for enhancing reproductive performance of dairy cattle” 1998-1999, $38,625; J.N. Spain, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
3. Missouri Soybean Merchandising Council “Benefits of Supplemental Soybeans Fed to Heat Stressed Dairy Cows to Improve Fertility” 2003-2004, $20,000; J.N. Spain, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.

MU Research Board/Research Council Grants (PI: $ )

1. Research Board 95-028 “Ovarian physiology in cattle during heat stress” 1995-1996, $29,115; M.C. Lucy, PI.
2. Research Council RL-03-027 “Nutrient partitioning in North American and New Zealand dairy cows” 1993-1994, $4,880; M.C. Lucy, PI.

Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Competitive Grants (PI: $ Co-PI: $ )

1. New Zealand Research Initiative, Forage-livestock group, 1997, $20,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
2. Interdisciplinary Regional Research Program “Reproductive and nutritional physiology of dairy cattle selected for milk production” 1997-1998, $20,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
3. Interdisciplinary Regional Research Program “The utility of soybeans for enhancing reproductive performance in diary cattle” 1997-1998, $31,000; J.N. Spain, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
4. Interdisciplinary Regional Research Program “The utility of soybeans for enhancing reproductive performance in dairy cattle” 1998-1999, $27,000; J.N. Spain, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
5. University of Missouri, Animal Health Formula Funds, “Endocrine mediators of delayed reproduction in cattle” 1998-2001, $37,675; M.C. Lucy, PI.

Industrial Grants (PI: $ ; Co:PI: $ )

1. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri “Emerging Embryo Technologies” 1999-2001, $5,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
2. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri “Animal genome project: Microarrays of reproductive significance” 1999-2004, $2,500,000; R.S. Prather and B.N. Day, PI; M.C. Lucy, co-PI.
3. Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI. “Histological and biochemical studies of the mechanisms that lead to placental failure in postpartum dairy cows” 2007-2009, $557,216, M.C. Lucy, PI.

Industrial Gifts (PI: $ )

1. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 1995, $20,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
2. InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand, “Dairy Reproduction” 1997, $28,163; M.C. Lucy, PI.
3. InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand, “Dairy Reproduction” 1997, $10,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
4. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 1997, $35,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
5. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2000, $7,500; M.C. Lucy, PI.
6. Thorn BioScience, Lexington, KY, “Swine Reproduction” 2000; $10,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
7. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2001, $2,500; M.C. Lucy, PI.
8. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2001, $4,500; M.C. Lucy, PI.
9. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2001, $2,000; M.C. Lucy, PI.
10. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2001, $3,325 M.C. Lucy, PI.
11. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2002, $20,000 M.C. Lucy, PI.
12. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2003, $2,620 M.C. Lucy, PI.
13. Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri, “Dairy Reproduction” 2004, $6,875 M.C. Lucy, PI.

Subcontracts (PI: $ )

1. University of Wisconsin “Collaborative teaching and learning in meat-animal evaluation via distance education” 1997-1998, $23,497; M.C. Lucy, PI.

SERVICE

---

Description of Service Assignment

I serve in a variety of capacities at the local and national level. Much of my present service time is spent reviewing manuscripts for journals and reviewing grants for granting agencies. I am a proponent of the peer review process and believe that faculty must devote some of their time for this work. In past years, I served as a member and chairman of the National as well as Midwestern ASAS/ADSA Physiology committees. At the campus level, I serve as Leader of the F21C Animal Reproductive Biology Cluster (appointed October 2004) and organize the F21C Animal Reproductive Biology Seminar series. I am appointed to several departmental committees.

Committees

National Committees

ADSA Physiology committee, 1994-1997; 2001-2003; Chairman, 1996-1997, 2002-2003.
ASAS Dairy Committee, 1998-2001
ADSA Intersociety Publications Committee, 1999-2001
ADSA Journal Management Committee, 2001-2003
ADSA Foundation Scholar Award Committee, 2000-2003
ADSA Physiology Award Committee, 2004-2007, 2006 (chair)
ADSA Graduate Student Paper Competition Committee, 2007-present.

Ad Hoc National Committees

Journal Management Advisory Team, Journal of Dairy Science, 1998

Regional Committees

Midwestern Section, ASAS/ADSA Physiology Committee, 1995-1997; Chairman, 1996-1997
Midwestern Section, ASAS/ADSA Young Researcher Award Selection Committee, 2001-2002

University Committees

Animal Care and Use (ACUC), 1996-1997
Molecular Biology Program: Fellowship and Awards, 1996-2001
Molecular Biology Program: Molecular Cytology Core Faculty Advisory, 1999-2003
Samuel Brody Memorial Lecture, 1996-present
Organizing Committee for Missouri Life Sciences Week 2003

College Committees

CAFNR Policy Committee, 2001-2003

Ad Hoc College/University Committees

Molecular Biology Program: Molecular Biology Week Poster Session Judge
1994, 1998, 2005 (Chair of the Molecular Biology Category)
CAFNR Life Sciences Degree Committee, 2002
CAFNR Distinguished Research Award, 2002
Campus Grievance Committee, 2002-2003

Departmental Committees

ASRC Unit C Committee, 2000-present
Dairy Farm Operation Committee, 1994-present
Departmental Code Review Committee, 1995-1998; Chairman 1996-1998
Faculty Awards Committee, 1996-1998; 2000-2003
Graduate Committee, 1995-1998; 2001-2004
Promotion and Tenure Committee, 2001-2007
Research Committee, 1994-2001, Chairman 2001
Strategic Planning Committee, 2004

F21C Committees

Fellowships, 1994-1997
Equipment and Support, 1995; Chairman, 1995.
F21C and Mission Enhancement Faculty Candidate Search Committee, 1999-2001
Speakers, 2000-2003

Conferences, Symposia or Seminars Organized

1. Animal Sciences Departmental Seminar, Columbia, Missouri, Dr. Gary Williams (Texas A&M University), “Influence of dietary fat intake and metabolism on follicular growth and luteal activity in cattle” April 15, 1996, 30 attendees.
2. 1996 National ADSA Meetings, Portland Oregon “Optimizing Energy Nutrition for Reproducing Dairy Cows” five invited speakers, July 14, 1996, 200 attendees.
3. 1997 Midwestern Section ASAS/ADSA Meetings, Des Moines, Iowa “Gene Expression and Ovarian Function” three invited speakers, March 17, 1997, 100 attendees.
4. 1997 Midwestern Section ASAS/ADSA Meetings, Des Moines, Iowa “Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors” three invited speakers, March 17, 1997, 100 attendees.
5. University of Missouri Nelson Lecture, Dr. Claire Wathes (University of London) “Regulation of the oxytocin receptor in the ruminant reproductive tract during luteolysis and labor” March 19, 1997, 40 attendees.
6. F21C Special Seminar, Columbia, Missouri, Dr. Tim Adams (University of Melbourne), “The growth hormone receptor: from the nucleus to the cell surface” June 10, 1997, 30 attendees.
7. 1997 National ADSA Meetings, Guelph, Ontario, Canada “Optimizing Protein Nutrition for Reproducing Dairy Cows” three invited speakers, June 22, 1997, 200 attendees.
8. 1997 National ADSA Meetings, Guelph, Ontario, Canada “GnRH/Prostaglandin: Is it Cost-Effective for Estrous Synchronization?” three invited speakers, June 24, 1997, 50 attendees.
9. F21C Special Seminar, Columbia, Missouri, Dr. Gwyn Verkerk (Dairy Cattle Fertility Group, New Zealand), “Americans in New Zealand – What do US Genetics Have to Offer the Kiwi Dairy Industry?” September 6, 2000, 30 attendees.
10. F21C Special Seminar, Columbia, Missouri, Dr. Jock Macmillan, University of Melbourne, “Controlled Breeding in Australian Dairy Cows” July 20, 2001, 30 attendees.
11. 2001 National ASAS/ADSA Meetings, Indianapolis, IN, “Nutritional regulation of ovarian function” two invited speakers, June 25, 2001, 100 attendees.
12. 2003 National ASAS/ADSA Meetings, Phoenix, AZ “The role of the artificial insemination sire in maintaining reproductive rates of Holstein cows” four invited speakers, June 24, 2003.

F21C Reproductive Biology Fall Seminar Series

One of my informal assignments is to organize the fall semester F21C Reproductive Biology Faculty Seminar series (Wednesdays at 4 pm; 1996 to present). This work involves filling the seminar calendar (approximately 15 dates), sending out fliers, setting up the room before seminar, and introducing the speakers. Approximately 30 people attend the seminar weekly.

Sessions Chaired at Regional, National, or International Scientific Meetings

• 1995 ASAS National meeting, Orlando, Florida
• 1995 ADSA National meeting, Ithaca, New York
• 1997 Midwestern Section Meeting, Des Moines, Iowa
• 1997 ADSA National meeting, Portland, Oregon
• 2000 ASAS/ADSA National meeting, Baltimore, Maryland
• 2001 ASAS/ADSA National meeting, Indianapolis, Indiana
• 2002 ASAS/ADSA National meeting, Quebec City, Canada
• 2003 ASAS/ADSA National meeting, Phoenix, Arizona
• 2004 International Congress on Animal Reproduction, Porto Seguro, Brazil

Manuscript Review

Editorial Boards

Biology of Reproduction; 1995 - 1999
Domestic Animal Endocrinology; 1995 - 1998
Journal of Animal Science; 1999 - 2002
Journal of Dairy Science; 1997 – 2002
Physiology Section Editor, Journal of Dairy Science; 2006 to present.

Ad Hoc Manuscript Reviews

Animal Reproduction Science
Biology of Reproduction
Domestic Animal Endocrinology
Journal of Animal Science
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Endocrinology
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Reproduction
Theriogenology
USDA

National Grant Review Panels

USDA SBIR Animal Production and Protection Grant Review Panel, 1995.
USDA NRICGP Animal Reproductive Efficiency Grant Review Panel, 1999, 2005.
USDA NRICGP Animal Growth and Nutrient Utilization Grant Review Panel, 2001, 2002

University Grant Review Panel

University of Missouri Research Board, Life Sciences Subcommittee, 2005 to present.

Ad Hoc Grant Reviews

• BARD
• National Science Foundation
• Ohio University Competitive Grant Program
• Science Foundation of Ireland
• University of Missouri Experiment Station Projects

Participation in External Departmental Reviews

Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, March 2-4, 2000 (Requested by Dean Sharon Quisenberry).
Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, March 13-17, 2006.

Review of Promotion and Tenure Documents

• Cornell University (1)
• Penn State (1)
• University of Arizona (1)
• University of Florida (1)
• University of Idaho (1)
• University of Wisconsin (1)

External Thesis Examiner

Jamroen Thiengtham, Ph.D., Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.